Alberta could collect its own provincial income tax instead of leaving it to the CRA, the way Quebec does.
Claimed by: Raised in Alberta autonomy debates
True: True as written according to the settled evidence. How we rate.
Summary
This is something a province can already do inside Canada. Quebec is the only province that runs its own personal income tax system through Revenu Quebec; the Canada Revenue Agency collects personal income tax for every other province under tax collection agreements a province is free to leave. Alberta already administers its own corporate income tax rather than using the CRA, so extending that to personal income tax would be a question of cost and administration, not constitutional power. A Quebec government review found running a separate system is more expensive, which is the main argument against doing it.
Evidence
Quebec is the only province that collects its own personal income tax; for all other provinces the CRA collects and remits provincial income tax.
The CRA administers income tax for every province except Quebec's personal and corporate taxes and Alberta's corporate tax, which those provinces run themselves.